The arterial supply of the femoral head is ensured by the foveolar artery and branches of the deep femoral artery. It connects the trunk to the lower extremities and supports dynamic and static body weight. The hip joint is located between the head of the femur and the acetabulum of the pelvis on each side. The superficial gluteal muscles abduct and medially rotate the thigh, while the deep gluteal muscles are responsible for lateral rotation of the thigh. The gluteal region consists of the muscles that form the buttocks, which can be divided into a superficial and a deep muscle layer. Openings in the pelvic floor allow for the passage of the rectum, vagina, and urethra. Located inferior to the pelvic cavity is the pelvic floor, a complex fibromuscular structure that prevents pelvic organ prolapse, helps maintain fecal and urinary continence, and separates the perineal region from the pelvic cavity. Anatomical spaces of the pelvic cavity (e.g., rectouterine pouch, rectovesical pouch) vary between male and female individuals because of their different reproductive organs. Located in the space within pelvic girdle is the pelvic cavity, which provides protection for abdominal and pelvic organs. The pelvic cavity is the space within the pelvic girdle it contains abdominal and pelvic organs, which are protected by the pelvic girdle. The pelvic girdle transmits body weight from the axial skeleton to the lower extremities and provides attachment to a large number of muscles and ligaments. In female individuals, the pelvis additionally accommodates the birth canal and therefore is larger and wider than in male individuals. Each hip bone consists of three fused bones: the ilium, ischium, and pubis. These bones are firmly connected by the pubic symphysis anteriorly and the sacrococcygeal and sacroiliac joints posteriorly. The bony pelvis ( pelvic girdle) is composed of the two hip bones, the sacrum, and the coccyx.
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